ARM loans often begin with a fixed-rate period that typically lasts from 5 to 10 years. After that initial period, the interest rate changes (or adjusts) periodically. The variable rate fluctuates based on a reference interest rate (for U.S. Bank, the predetermined ARM index used is either the Secured Overnight Financing Rate or the U.S. Treasury rate as published in the Wall Street Journal), plus a set amount of interest above that index (called the ARM margin).